Reasons to Visit Occitanie, France with Kids
What to Do & See Throughout the Region
“The whole future of art is to be found in the South of France.”
Ellie, Kevin, Rachel, and Sophie exploring the arena in Nîmes
Prior to spending time in the Occitanie region, we had very little knowledge of the area, its history, food, or culture. By the time we left, we had experienced and learned so much and fell in love with yet another region of France! While you may have heard of Carcassonne, Montpellier, or Nîmes, there are so many more places worthy of your time to explore in the Occitanie region. This post will give you some background on the region itself and some great information to help you determine your itinerary. It will also provide specific things to do and see with your kids so that everyone has a great time!
Occitanie Region Facts
France is divided into 18 administrative regions, of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (mainland Europe), and 5 are located overseas. The Occitanie region was formed in January 2016 during France’s restructuring of regions by merging the two former administrative regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées.
The Occitanie region is the 2nd largest in mainland France, spanning an area of 72,724km. Its size is slightly larger than that of Ireland and twice the size of Belgium!
This region has it all! You’ll find 220km of Mediterranean coastline, extending from Spain in the east to the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur (PACA) region in the west. The region is home to the Central and Eastern Pyrénées Mountain range that forms a natural border between France and Spain. You’ll find city life in Montpellier and the region’s capital of Toulouse, as well as in the smaller cities of Nîmes, Perpignan, Carcassonne, and Sète. There’s also endless scenic countryside with rolling hills and plains. The region is home to 2 national parks, 8 regional nature parks, and 1 marine park. These protected sites cover ⅓ of the total region.
Occitanie is one of Europe’s top tourist destinations. In addition to international tourists, it is the 2nd most popular region among French tourists (it ranks higher among the French than the PACA region). Weather is a big draw for many of those tourists. Its 4 largest cities rank among the top 10 sunniest cities in France. In addition, both Montpellier and Toulouse are ranked as 2 of the best cities to live, work, and study. It also boasts 8 UNESCO World Heritage Sites!
Occitanie leads the country in a number of key metrics. It ranks first in France (and the world) in wine-making, producing 36% of the nation’s wine. It is #1 in biodiversity. It ranks 1st in organic farming with one-fourth of the total organic farmland in France (France ranks first in the EU). It is ranked 2nd in the nation for production of renewable electricity (hydro, wind, and solar). Fishing is a key source of income for the region. Ninety percent of Mediterranean fishing is done by fishermen from Occitanie, utilizing 5 ports. It is also the world’s aeronautical capital and the space capital of Europe!
If you’re planning a visit, the region is easy to reach! It can be accessed by car via several major autoroutes. It offers 3 international airports (and many smaller airports), bringing tourists from all over the globe in addition to flights arriving from Paris frequently each day. By train, the region is accessible from all the major cities of France and Europe.
Occitanie Region History
Separated since the 1960’s by an administrative border, the areas that form the regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées have held a shared destiny on many occasions during their respective histories. In the 1960’s the areas were separated into different administrative regions. They were rejoined when France reorganized their administrative regions again in 2016 to form what is now the Occitanie Region. While history of the region begins in the 7th century B.C. with the arrival of the Iberians, it is believed that portions of the Occitanie region have been inhabited for much longer. Prehistoric paintings of wild animals have been found in caves in Chauvet, Lascaux, and Niaux.
In the 2nd century B.C., the Roman Empire established its first province outside of Italy. Its capital, Narbo-Martiu in Gaul would later become known as Narbonne. The province ranged from the banks of lake Geneva to the western side of what is now the city of Toulouse. They established the Via Domitia, the first Roman road in Gaul which facilitated trade and the movement of Roman troops. Caesar’s armies used this stronghold as a base of operations in his efforts to conquer the rest of Gaul. Over the next several centuries, the region was inhabited by the Visigoths, Saracens, Franks, and the Cathars. Each era left its mark on this region, weaving the tapestry of a rich and unique history.
What to See & Do with Kids in Each Department of Occitanie
There are so many things to do with kids in the Occitanie region! You’ll find beaches, parks, museums, and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. In addition to that, there are zoos and animal parks, science centers, aquariums, and loads of unique experiences. Whether you’re wandering the medieval walled city of Carcassonne, learning about ancient engineering marvels like the Midi Canal or Pont du Gard, or discovering the wonders of the universe at Cité de l’espace, your kids will learn and love so much in this region! Even the foods will entice them, with both Spanish and Italian influences, the cuisine in Occitanie is amazing (and mom and dad will appreciate the incredible selection of wines from the world’s largest winemaking region).
Map of the 13 departments located in the Occitanie Region
The Occitanie region is made of 13 departments. It is bordered by the Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regions to the north, Spain and Andorra to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the PACA region to the east. Its landscapes include both mountain ranges and the sea, lending itself to amazing outdoor adventures including skiing, hiking, biking, swimming, and boating. While we couldn’t possibly cover all the great things to see and do in the region, we are highlighting some of our recommendations within each of the departments.
Aude – The Aude department is located in the southern half of the region and surrounded by the departments of Hérault, Tarn, Haute-Garonne, Ariège, and the Pyréneés-Orientales. It also has 45km of Mediterranean coastline with some gorgeous beaches. It is named after the Aude River, which flows through it.
Here, you’ll find beautiful villages, scenic landscapes, Cathar castles, and some pretty interesting legends. You can learn about dinosaurs, the Romans, and the Cathars. You’ll also find 2 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in this department. It maintains beautiful weather year round with plenty of sunshine and temperatures that are neither too hot nor too cold. These are some of the highlights of the Aude department:
Carcassonne – The Medieval walled city of Carcassonne is a UNESCO World Heritage Site where kids love exploring and role playing. Our daughters loved climbing the ramparts and pretending to shoot arrows at invaders. It is most certainly worth taking at least a half day to explore. We even visited the beautiful cemetery that lies in the shadow of the great medieval city. It holds historical significance with Cathars, Romans, Visigoths, & Crusaders.
Click on photo to enlarge and see descriptions.
Cathar History – The Cathars were brutally eliminated during the religious crusade (1209-1229). By direction of Pope Innocent III, they were burned at the stake on huge pyres. While most people know about the famous city of Carcassonne, there are 5 other Cathar castles in this area of France that are sometimes referred to as the “Five Sons of Carcassonne.” They are all interesting places that are worth exploring but some are not as kid-friendly or as accessible for those with mobility issues as Carcassonne itself.
Château de Peyrepertuse – Known as “Celestial Carcassonne” because of its size, it is just as big as the mighty fortress itself. Sitting above a 100-foot rocky cliff and 800m above sea level, it looks as though it is carved out of the rocks of the hillside. Visitors are able to access the church, dungeon, some of the towers, and even a few rooms. This is a good site for the entire family to explore.
Château de Quéribus – Also sitting high on a rocky hillside, this is the best preserved of the Cathar fortresses. It provided refuge for some of the Cathar deacons after the fall of Montségur. Visitors can tour the dungeon, main hall, and the water cisterns. The real gem of this castle, though, is the view of the landscape! This is also a good site for the entire family to tour.
Château de Puilaurens – The southernmost of the 5 Cathar castles has beautiful views of the forests that surround it. Reaching it requires a hike and a climb. Due to the moderate hike involved in reaching this site, it’s not as great of an option for families with young kids or those with mobility issues.
Château de Termes – When the border of Aragon (now Spain) moved further south in the 17th century, the castle was abandoned and taken over by a band of brigands who used it as a base of operations from which to pillage the surrounding villages. A master mason was ordered by the crown to destroy the structure. He spent two years blowing up the walls and reducing them to rubble. It has lain in ruins since 1654. While the ruins are open to visitors, I would not recommend it for families with younger kids.
Château d’Aguilar – This castle sits at the foot of a vineyard. It helped defend the Franco-Aragonese border since the 12th century. It was one of the last castles to hold out during the Cathar wars. Abandoned in 1659, this castle also sits in ruins. Again, while it is available to visit, I wouldn’t recommend this site for families with younger kids.
Narbonne – The medium sized town of Narbonne is easy to reach by train or car and worth at least a day to explore. A great day in Narbonne should include a stop at Les Halles market which is considered one of the best in France! A family boat ride on the Canal de la Robine to enjoy the beautiful scenery and a tour of Cathédrale Saint-Just et Saint-Pasteur are also recommended. Built between 1272 and 1340, the Narbonne Cathedral (as it is also known) remains unfinished to this day. The portion that was completed is quite impressive and provides a stunning example of Gothic architecture with one of the highest naves found in southern France.
Peyriac-de-Mer – This village, which is located about 20 minutes from Narbonne, is home to wild pink flamingos! They have even built wooden walkways, making it easier to get a closer view of the birds. This is a particularly great place for parents with young kids to safely view these wild birds together.
Rennes-le-Château – If you love a good mystery (like pretty much everyone in our family), then this one’s for you! The hilltop village of Rennes-le-Château, which is located south of Carcassonne, was made famous by the novel The Da Vinci Code, by Dan Brown. The legend is that Bérenger Saunière, a 19th century priest became immensely wealthy after apparently finding ancient parchments hidden in his church. When he rebuilt the church, he hid messages throughout, including an inscription at the entrance - “Terribilis est locus iste” (this place is terrible). You’ll also find Asmodeus, a devil, carrying holy water.
Gorges de l’Aude – The beautiful Gorges de l‘Aude have been carved out of the limestone cliffs by the Aude River over thousands of years. While it’s possible to drive the D118 through the gorges, the roads are quite narrow, making two-way traffic impossible in sections and requiring total concentration for the driver. It is much more advisable to walk or bike so that you can truly admire the gorgeous scenery.
Aude Beaches – For those who are looking to enjoy the beaches in the South of France, there are a few located in the Aude department. Some of them include Gruissan, a wonderful resort with stilted chalets and a sandy beach; the more natural beach of Fleury-d’Aude; and Port-Leucate, which has a wooden walkway (for those who enjoy walking, biking, or rollerblading beachside).
Hérault – Located on the Mediterranean coast in southern France, the Hérault department is bordered by the Gard department to the north, the Aude department to the southwest, and the Tarn and Aveyron regions to the west and northwest, respectively.
This department has a population of 1.1 million and nearly 30% of the population is retired! It is a very popular retirement destination for citizens from both northern France and the rest of Europe who are attracted to the gorgeous climate and 90km of beaches. This region boasts stunning coastlines that are vital to the fishing industry and offers beaches that are much less expensive than the more popular beaches of the PACA region. (When you’re selecting a beach for your family beach day, please keep in mind that this region is home to the naturist village of Cap d’Agde, one of the world’s largest and most popular nudist communities and beaches.)
Montpellier – This capital city of the department is also the largest. It is a college town, home to the University of Montpellier, which was founded in 1289, making it one of the oldest universities in Europe! It holds the distinction as home to the youngest population in all of France. It’s also quite kid-friendly.
Downtown Montpellier has a wonderful pedestrian-only downtown area, which allows kids to safely run and explore. You can also indulge in treats, like crêpes and macarons, from the many shops. The downtown area even features a carousel which was so popular at Christmas time that it has now become a permanent fixture. Also located in the downtown area is Jardin du Champs de Mars, a whimsical park with a playground, pond, and grassy area to play.
Any visit to Montpellier needs to include time to explore Place Royale du Peyrou. This is where you’ll find Porte du Peyrou, Montpellier’s own Arc de Triomphe, which is dedicated to the Sun King, Louis XIV. It’s also where you’ll find Château d’Eau, a gorgeous and unique water tower built in 1754 to hold the city’s water reserves. Nearby, is Aquaduc Saint-Clément, an aqueduct that was inspired by Pont du Gard in Nîmes.
Montpellier Parc Zoologique - This zoo is a great place for the entire family to enjoy the day. Located in Montpellier, the zoo has a wide range of animal species on over 80 hectares of land. The best part is that, at last check, admission is free!
Agde – This town is the second oldest settlement in France (after Marseille)! It was founded by the Greeks in 600 BC and it was a busy port for centuries. There are a couple of great places to visit in town. Musée de l'Éphèbe is a museum where you can find La Statue de l'Éphèbe, a near life-size bronze statue believed to be a statue of Alexander the Great. It was located in 1964 on the bed of the Hérault River and represents a significant archaeological discovery. Cathédrale Saint-Étienne d'Agde is also found here. The 12th century church sits on the banks of the Hérault River. It was built using the black stone basalt from the region and thus has a bit of a somber appearance. It is listed as a historic monument.
Balaruc-Les-Bains – Balaruc-les-Bains is the third largest spa resort in France. Kids will love its mini-golf course and Le Petit Train (the Little Train) de Balaruc on which they can tour the town. The entire family will enjoy a stop at La Cure Gourmande, a charming chocolatier set in the town’s former railway station.
Sète – Nestled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Étang de Thau is the beautiful fishing and trade port of Sète. The many canals that run through the city have contributed to its nickname - “little Venice of Languedoc.” In addition to its canals, the town has 12km of beautiful sandy beaches to enjoy. Located right at the dock is the Saint-Louis Lighthouse. You can climb all the way to the top of this structure, which dates back to 1666.
While you’re in town, you should explore the Quartier Haut. This neighborhood that overlooks the port is nicknamed “Little Naples,” a nod to immigrants from the Amalfi Coast who have made Sète their home and brought some of their heritage with them. If you listen closely, you can hear the unique dialect of this area which is half Languedoc and half Italian. Nearby, the Étang de Thau is the largest of a series of saltwater lagoons in the area. In spite of its salt content, it is considered the 3rd largest lake in France. Abundant shellfish like oysters and mussels are found here. You’ll also find wildlife, including pink flamingos!
If your travels take you to the south of France during the month of August, you’ll want to plan ahead so you can attend the Joutes de Sète. This celebration of the town’s early history involves competitive jousting with participants using boats rather than horses.
Pyrénées-Orientales – This department in southern France sits mostly on the Mediterranean. It is bordered to the northwest by Ariège and to the north by Aude. Perpignan is the capital of the department and the 4th largest city of the region. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Majorca during the 13th century and maintains a significant Catalan influence.
Musée de Préhistoire de Tautavel – Tautavel is famous for being the location where some of the oldest human remains in Europe have been found. This museum celebrates those significant discoveries, including a life-sized reconstruction of the Caune de l'Arago, where the skull of the Tautavel Man was discovered in 1971. The remains suggest that the place was frequented by nomadic hunters (possibly Homo Erectus groups) dating back between 690,000 to 300,000 years before the human era!
Mount Canigou – This sacred mountain, which is commonly known as “Pic du Canigou,” holds symbolic significance for the Catalan people. At 2,784 meters high, it’s a popular hiking spot.
Castelnou – This remarkably well-preserved medieval village is easily walkable, making it a great place to get out and explore as a whole family. Located about 20km southwest of Perpignan, it is also listed as one of the “most beautiful villages of France.”
Les Orgues d’Ille-sur-Têt – Here, you’ll find some of the world’s most amazing rock formations, sculpted from five million years of water erosion!
Hautes-Pyrénées – This department is located along the border of Spain and Andorra to the east and the departments of Gers & Haute-Garonne to the north and northeast. It includes the central area of the Pyrenees Mountains.
Tarbes – Located at the foot of the Pyrenees Mountains on the Adour River, Tarbes is the capital of the department. There are several places in town to visit, including Tarbes Cathedral, a 12th century Gothic structure that has been designated as a national monument. It is the seat of the Bishop of Tarbes et Lourdes and still holds regular services.
Château de Mauvezin is a fortress that was started in the 12th century and finally completed 2 centuries later. Kids will love the tour guides who are dressed in full medieval costume and bring the history alive by sharing stories of sieges and wars as they lead you through the site.
Another great destination for families is Haras de Tarbes. This natural park, which was created by Napoleon in 1806, is the birthplace of the Anglo-Arabian breed of horses. It also has a museum which is a great place for your kids to learn about 200 years worth of equestrian history.
Lourdes – The city of Lourdes has more hotels than any other city in France, except Paris. It is home to one of the most famous pilgrimage sites in the world! Sanctuary of Notre-Dame de Lourdes became famous in 1858, when a 14 year old girl named Bernadette Soubirous claimed to have seen visions of the Virgin Mary. She reported that she had been visited by the Virgin Mary on 18 separate occasions between February and July. She claims she was told to drink from a spring in the grotto and to pray for sinners. To this day, millions of people visit each year, seeking healing. The church itself is stunning, but its setting is truly impressive!
Another great family destination is Château Fort de Lourdes. Your kids will love this 12th century fortress that overlooks the town of Lourdes. With a drawbridge and arrow slits, they can step back in time and imagine themselves defending the walls of this national monument. They can even visit the Pyrenean museum onsite.
Grottes de Bétharram – This cave system is located just outside of Lourdes. Here, you can discover an impressive underground world with stalactites, stalagmites, and rooms carved out over centuries. You’ll visit the Hall of Fairies, the Room of Chandeliers, the Magical Room, and even take a goat trip on the underground lake. The tour ends with an 800 meter train ride. Group tours are mandatory so you’ll want to plan ahead.
Parc National des Pyrénées – A national park is a great place to enjoy some fresh air and nature in a gorgeous setting. This park covers 45,000 hectares of forests, peaks, glaciers, and lakes. It features a huge network of hiking trails where you can enjoy the abundant flora and fauna, trying to spot chamois, griffon vultures, golden eagles, marmots, or several other species of wildlife.
Haute-Garonne – This department is home to Toulouse, the region’s capital and largest city. It is surrounded by the departments of Hautes-Pyrénées, Gers, Tarn-et-Garonne, Tarn, Aude, and Ariège. It also borders Spain. This department features dense forests, soaring peaks, grassy plains, and deep valleys. You’ll also find some beautiful villages and impressive architecture.
Toulouse – Founded by the Romans over 2,000 years ago, it is sometimes called the “Pink CIty” because of the pale bricks that were used to construct most of the buildings. It is a beautiful and walkable city. Even though this beautiful city is walkable, the Little Train in Toulouse is a favorite for younger kids who might need a little help getting around. Several towns in this region provide a similar experience which is a great way to keep your younger kids interested and entertained. In Toulouse, there are two routes. One circuit follows the Garonne River and travels through the historic center. The other circuit follows the Canal du Midi and the gardens around the Grand Rond.
Canal du Midi – The famous canal passes right through Toulouse providing visitors an opportunity to check out this UNESCO World Heritage Site. This canal runs through several departments in the region, so if you’ve already seen it, you can likely skip this one.
Cité de l’Espace – This is a must-see for anyone interested in learning about space travel! Toulouse is the largest center for aerospace in Europe and the home of the European Airbus headquarters. Visitors should count on seeing an actual piece of moonstone, viewing the prototype of the first space station (Mir), and visiting the Stellarium planetarium. Kids and adults, alike, will enjoy touring the interactive exhibits, watching shows, and learning more about space exploration.
Halle de la Machine – This is a great stop for families with kids or for anyone who loves engineering and building. It is home to the Nantes company, La Machine. While we have not been to the museum in Toulouse, we did tour the interactive workshop in Nantes and it was one of our most favorite day trips. We will definitely be prioritizing this location on our next trip to the region.
Zoo African Safari – Located about 20 minutes from downtown Toulouse is this fun zoo. It provides a unique experience by allowing one part of the zoo to be toured by car, safari-style. With nearly 800 animals to see, it’s sure to provide your kids with a fun day.
Gers – Gers is one of the most rural regions in France. There are no motorways in Gers and no mass tourism. Part of it was once called Gascony and was ruled by England from 1152-1453. This area served as inspiration for the character d’Artagnan in The Three Musketeers, written by Alexandre Dumas. The Gascony name was abandoned after the French Revolution, but you’ll still see it referred to at times. Auch is the capital city of the Gers department and features a statue of D’Artagnan on the Grand Escaliers. If you want to experience the old world charm of a traditional rural French village, Gers is the place to visit.
Les Plus Beaux Villages de France – This small 60 mile wide department is home to at least 6 villages that have been named a “most beautiful village in France.”
Larressingle – Among those beautiful villages is Larressingle, nicknamed “little Carcassonne.” With a circumference of just 270m, it is the smallest fortified village in France. Its entrance bridge, called Lartigue, is listed as a UNESCO significant monument on the pilgrimage route of Compostela.
Lavardens – This is another of the most beautiful villages and is home to Château de Lavardens, which was built in the 12th century. It originally belonged to the counts of Armagnac and features stunning rooms with tiled floors, stone walls, and grand staircases.
Montréal-du-Gers – Another of the “most beautiful villages in France” is located just 5km west of Larressingle. It is one of the bastide towns that were formed in the 13th century around a central square. Here, you can visit the Church of Sainte-Marie (which is also sometimes referred to as the Church of Notre-Dame or the Church of Saint-Philippe and Saint-Jacques). It stands as a beautiful backdrop to the cafés, shops, and half-timbered homes.
Fourcès – Often referred to as the “Jewel of Gascony,” Fourcès is yet another of the “most beautiful villages in France.” It boasts beautiful walkways and medieval buildings. It is the only town in France to have a round square.
You’ll want to pause as you cross the 15th century stone bridge into town to admire the beauty all around you. An 11th century castle once stood on the round square but it is long gone, replaced by a 15th century castle that has been converted into a hotel.
This is a town meant for easy strolls and laid back days. You’ll find a 13th century clock tower and many homes that date back that far. You’ll also be able to explore secret walkways and cobblestone streets with vine covered walls. This town of only 300 residents holds the Marciac Jazz Festival each summer along with several other events.
Birds of Prey Center – Kids will love this park in Nogaro where 5 hectares of land is home to 36 species of raptors. Visitors can watch shows and learn about these spectacular animals. This is definitely a park that we want to visit with Rachel because she absolutely loves birds!
Fleurance – This beautiful small town, which lies north of Auch in the rolling countryside, was named after the Italian city of Florence. Inside the large gothic-style Church of Saint Laurent, which sits in the town center, visitors will see an unusual bell tower, stunning stained glass windows, and a statue of the Virgin Mary that has been said to have healing powers.
Tarn – The Tarn department lies in the very center of the Occitanie region and is surrounded by the departments of Tarn-et-Garonne, Aveyron, Hérault, Aude, Ariège, and Haute-Garonne. It is a quiet and peaceful area of France that is mostly noted for its beautiful, small villages, but it is also filled with lovely landscapes. With gorgeous weather that provides 4 distinct seasons, there is no bad time to visit. If you drive from the northwest corner to the southeast, you’ll see a transition from the pale red brick found in towns like Toulouse, in the Haute-Garonne, to the white stone found closer to Carcassonne, in the Aude department. Here are some highlights of Tarn:
Cordes-sur-Ciel – Once known as just Cordes, this is a well-preserved medieval town in the northwest corner of the department. It is one of the most visited of the area’s bastide towns (small towns built around a central square, out from which scales a grid-like street system surrounded by farmland).
Castelnau-de-Montmiral – Also classified as a “most beautiful village in France,” this town was built during the 13th century inside ramparts that include six gates. Today, the castle that gave the town its name, along with three of the gates, are just a memory having been destroyed during the Revolution.
Albi – The capital of the department, is located in central Tarn. You’ll find beautiful red brick buildings and an impressive cathedral that is nicknamed “fortress of God” because its outside walls are rough and foreboding while the interior is absolutely gorgeous.
Lautrec – This town is located in the southwest of the department and is well-known for its pink garlic and saffron production. On the hill above Lautrec there is a 17th century windmill (built on the site of a 14th century windmill). It is open seasonally to the public and visitors can see the mill workings and how the flour was prepared here in centuries gone by.
Tarn-et-Garonne – This department is located in the northwestern portion of the region. It borders the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region to the west and is also bordered by the departments of Lot, Aveyron, Tarn, Haute-Garonne, and Gers. It is home to quaint medieval villages and loads of vineyards. Here are some fun things to do in Tarn-et-Garonne:
Le Petit-Paris – This is a delightful experience for young and old alike. Located in Vaissac, the park provides visitors the opportunity to discover miniature reproductions of some of the most beautiful monuments in France.
Positioned in a garden, these models that are constructed on a 1/130th scale took 14 years to bring to life. It’s as though you’re exploring the districts of Paris from a drone above. You can walk among the structures of Notre-Dame, Arc de Triomphe, Montmartre, and the Eiffel Tower. You can even visit at night to see the buildings lit with tiny fairy lights. In addition to attractions from Paris, visitors can view the Cathedral of Strasbourg, the city of Carcassonne, and some of the castles of the Loire Valley.
Châteaux de Bruniquel – No, that’s not a typo. This is actually a set of two castles on one property. The story is that they were once shared between two branches of the Comminges house. In the midst of a family squabble with his son in 1050, the Viscount of Bruniquel sold part of the estate to a cousin who had his own castle built. So, while it is one property, the individual castles are referred to as "château vieux" (old castle) and "château jeune" (young castle).
The position of the structures, high above the countryside, provides stunning views of the Aveyron River, below. Visitors can view the 17th century keep and kitchen with its rare kitchen garden (an ancestor of the modern-day cooking stove).
Abbaye de Moissac – This church is home to the Cloister of Moissac (a cloister is composed of slender columns with carved capitals that tell a biblical story in carved “pictures”). It is one of the largest and best preserved cloisters of the Romanesque period. With 8 pillars and 76 unique capitals, the carvings provide a story told in intricately carved details.
The cloister and the tympanum (the area between the lintel over a doorway and the arch above) are registered on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. It is the first cloister to have kept its sculptures intact. The Tympanum shows an interpretation of the Apocalypse, according to Saint John. While we know that church tours are not always a favorite for young kids, we think the historical and architectural significance of this one bears a visit.
Saint-Antonin-Noble-Val – This medieval village with a beautiful limestone wall is also home to Parc Aventure, an adventure park in the midst of the Gorges de l’Aveyron. For kids (and parents) who need to expend some pent up energy from days exploring the quiet countryside or touring castles, this park offers an outdoor adventure for all ages.
There are more than 110 games and 11 courses, including zip lines and free fall jumps. While we have not been to this particular park, we spent a full day in a similar one in Bayeux and it is still one of the favorite activities we provided our youngest two girls.
Lot – The department of Lot is named after the Lot River and is the northernmost department of the region. To its west and north, it borders the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. To the east, it borders the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region. To the south and southeast, it is bordered by the departments of Tarn-et-Garonne and Aveyron.
Pech Merle – Here, you’ll find one of very few prehistoric cave painting sites in France that is still open to the public. The cave was discovered in 1922 by a group of teenagers. Some of the paintings and engravings are believed to date as far back as 16,000 years ago. Paintings include lifelike images of a wooly mammoth, horses, reindeer, and even some human figures. There are also footprints preserved in fossilized clay.
Cahors – This was the first city of this department to be founded and it is rich in art and history. It was established during Roman times and became an important commercial and financial center during the Middle Ages. Pont Valentré is the city’s 14th century fortified bridge and the town's crowning jewel. Its design includes 3 stunning fortified towers that span the river. Both the bridge and the Saint-Étienne Cathedral are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The church falls on the famous pilgrimage road to Santiago de Compostela. The buildings within the city are made of a combination of red brick and gray limestone. It is truly a gorgeous, walkable town that you’ll want to explore. While you’re there, visit the food market that takes place every Wednesday and Saturday at the gates of the cathedral.
Aveyron – Located in the north central part of the region, Aveyron is bordered to the north by the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, to the west by the departments of Lot and Tarn-et-Garonne, to the south by the departments of Tarn and Hérault, and to the east by the departments of Lozère and Gard. It boasts the highest number of towns in the entire country with the distinction “most beautiful villages of France,” at 10. It’s also home to 2 “Great Sites of the Midi-Pyrénées” (Conques and the Millau Viaduct). Located in the heart of the Occitanie region, the Aveyron department is full of history and exceptional sites.
Conques – This town was a major stopping point for the pilgrimage route to Compostela. At the heart of the beautiful town lies the Sainte-Foy Abbey-Church. It has many treasures to observe, including its Romanesque tympanum of the Last Judgment. The church is free to access every day (except during religious services).
Step inside and see its glass windows by artist Pierre Soulages (whose museum is featured later in this list). Also, be sure to tour the Treasures Room where you’ll find some fantastic goldsmith art, including St. Foy in Majesty, an 11th century piece adorned with gold, silver, and precious gemstones.
Rodez – This is the capital city of the Aveyron department. It is home to the Rodez Cathedral (also known as Notre Dame Cathedral). The stunningly intricate gothic cathedral is made of pink sandstone with an elaborate bell tower that stands 87 meters high. The building took an incredible three centuries to complete (13th-16th)! You can even climb the 400 steps to the bell tower and experience a bird’s eye view of the town and countryside! In addition to the cathedral, you’ll want to stop and admire the bishops' palace, the House of Armagnac.
Musée Soulages – This museum, located in Rodez, describes itself as a “museum in motion.” It is devoted to just a single artist, Pierre Soulages. With a desire to be a place of discovery, it also features a number of temporary exhibits throughout the year. For kids, the museum has an adapted tour that leads them through the contemporary works and lasts about an hour.
Millau – The beautiful town of Millau sits in a valley surrounded by steep cliffs. While it has always been a popular tourist destination, the opening of the Millau Viaduct has ushered in a slew of new tourism. If you come to town to experience the bridge, you’ll want to take some time to explore the town as well. The mountain roads around the Viaduct are known to be one of the most challenging sections of the Tour de France. Millau is the only town that is entirely located within the Parc Naturel Régional des Grands Causses.
The Viaduc de Millau is the tallest bridge in the world! It is both an architectural masterpiece and a popular tourist attraction. The bridge was designed by Sir Norman Foster and completed in 2004. At 2.4km long, it spans the Tarn River Valley and sits at a structural height of 336.4 meters tall, which is higher than the Eiffel Tower! While it is the tallest, it is NOT the highest bridge. It has a deck height of 270 meters above the valley floor making it the 26th highest. (The Duge Bridge in China is the highest with a deck height of 565 meters.)
Parc Animalier du Ségala – This park was created in 1989 in an effort to provide animals a quality environment with living conditions and caregivers to meet their every need. The park seeks to provide an interactive and educational experience for visitors. There are opportunities for a much closer interaction with some of the animals. They even provide a variety of immersive experiences, including a one-day carer program and a one day Falconry program for participants as young as 5 years old. (These special experiences are available only by reservation.)
Sauveterre-de-Rouergue – The town was founded in 1281 and features stone and half-timbered homes and a town square surrounded by 47 arcades. Nearby, is the Viaur viaduct railway bridge which was built in 1902 to span the Viaur valley, connecting the towns of Rodez and Albi.
Château de Bournazel – This castle is located in the western portion of the department, between Rodez and Villefranche-de-Rouergue. It is a truly stunning Renaissance château. This château has only been open to the public for a few years, having been saved by new owners in 2008. The property is still undergoing a massive renovation. Originally built in 1540, it was set on fire in 1790 during a peasants’ revolt and then completely pillaged.
Lozère – Located in the northeast corner of the region, the Lozère department features a landscape that has been shaped by volcanic activity. Thousands of years ago, massive volcanic convulsions softened and lowered the mountains. The peak of Mont Lozère is only 1,699 meters high. The limestone has also been eroded over time, carving deep gorges and caves.
The department is bordered to the north and east by the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, to the west by the Aveyron department, and to the south by the Gard department. It is considered a very rural department with only 5 towns having more than 2,000 residents. Here are some features found in Lozère:
Mende – The capital town of the department, Mende, sits at the edge of the Cévennes National Park and is surrounded by mountains. Visitors can explore the town with its fountains and narrow streets and visit the medieval house of Maison de Mandrin. The Mende Cathedral dominates the town center and was originally built for Pope Urban V, whose birthplace is nearby.
Cévennes National Park – This national park is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. It offers a vast variety of natural environments. From peat bogs to cliffs and grasslands to springs and rivers, all is found here. It is also an International Dark Sky Reserve where the beauty of the night sky isn’t spoiled by light pollution. Visitors can hike, bike, climb, canoe, or even ride horseback through areas of the park.
Gorges du Tarn – Located within the Cévennes National Park, Gorges du Tarn is one of France’s most impressive landscapes. The deep canyon, carved into the Grands Causses slab by the Tarn River, created cliffs up to 500m high. Visitors explore on foot, by car, and even by raft.
Le Pon-de-Montvert – This pretty village, built of granite, sits on the banks of the Tarn River. Its historic highlights include a 17th century bridge over the Tarn and a clock tower. Robert Louis Stevenson stopped here during his famous Travels with a Donkey. You can even hire a donkey and follow his route!
Florac – The town of Florac is located in the Tarnon River Valley. The current castle in the town center dates back to 1652 though it was built to replace the one that was destroyed in the Wars of Religion. It has been used as a prison and a salt warehouse before becoming the central visitor center for the Parc des Cévennes.
Dargilan Cave – The Grotte de Dargilan is nicknamed “the pink cave” because of its natural hues created by the iron oxides the water carries as it crosses the rock. It is a fun family destination full of discovery. Visitors can view the stalactites and stalagmites and the intertwined rocks, resulting from centuries of landslides. The cave was discovered in 1880 by accident when a shepherd stumbled upon it while chasing a fox. It was opened to the public in 1890. The fox that facilitated the discovery is even memorialized with a sculpture!
Gard – This is the most visited department in the region. While it does include a small sliver of Mediterranean coastline, it is mostly a landlocked department. It is bordered to the north, east, and south by the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regions. To the northwest, lies the department of Lozère, and to the west and west/southwest lie the departments of Aveyron and Hérault.
Nîmes – Nîmes is the 3rd largest city in the region and the capital of the Gard department. It is widely considered the most Roman city outside of Italy. Its history dates back to the Roman Empire when Emperor Augustus made it a regional capital. Roman architecture has defined the city ever since. It is a very walkable city, which is great since there are so many things to see and do in Nîmes. We suggest purchasing a Nîmes City Pass for discounted admission into many of the local attractions.
Les Halles Market – This indoor market is located in the center of town. The pleasant, air conditioned market has a variety of fresh seafood, breads, cheeses, and pastries.
Nîmes Arena – Built as a very close, ½ scale, replica of the Roman Colosseum, the Arena in Nîmes is a testament to how important the city was to the Romans. Its construction dates back to the late 1st and early 2nd centuries. It was an important structure during the Roman Empire where leaders would host shows and games. It is one of the best preserved arenas from the Roman era. Today, it is still in use, hosting concerts and special events throughout the year.
Maison Carrée – This structure was built in the 1st century, during the reign of Augustus. It was dedicated to Gaius and his younger brother Lucius Caesar, grandsons of the Emperor.
Musée de la Romanité – The Roman Museum is dedicated to telling the history of Nîmes. We gained so much insight into the town’s history and highly recommend a visit! To get the most benefit, visit the museum early in your tour of the monuments in and around the city so you can be a bit more informed about all the places you are visiting and the things that you are seeing.
Jardin de la Fontaine – This garden includes the remains of Roman baths that were discovered in the 18th century. They would have been some of the first public gardens in Europe.
Pont du Gard – Located just outside the city of Nîmes, this famous aqueduct was built by the Romans in the 1st century to supply water to the city of Nîmes. Pont du Gard stands as a testimony to the marvelous feats of both architecture and engineering that were accomplished by the ancient Romans. Be sure to tour the onsite museum (included in the ticket price) during your visit.
Seaquarium Institut Marin – This destination is a place for families to learn and discover together. It exists with the mission to enhance and preserve marine ecosystems. Visitors can see sharks, sea lions, seals, turtles, and many species of fish. The Seaquarium is located 20 minutes from Nîmes and is accessible for those with mobility issues.
Uzès – This charming village is filled with character from its cobblestone streets to its shops, galleries, restaurants, and historic buildings. It is famed for its well-preserved medieval architecture. It is also home to the unique Haribo Museum, which is a literal treat for families. You can learn the history of Haribo confections and even sample a few!
Ariège – The department of Ariège is located in the central Pyrenees and considers itself “one of the most unspoiled regions of France.” It is bordered to the west by Andorra, Spain, and the Haute-Garonne department, which is also its neighbor to the north. The department of Aude lies to the east and the Pyréneés-Orientales is its southern neighbor. Foix serves as the capital of the Ariège department and is home to Château de Foix, which dominates the town. Here are some things to do in the Ariège department:
La Maison des Loups (The House of Wolves) – This animal park covers 4 hectares of forest in the Orlu National Wildlife Reserve. The zoo, which is home to around 20 wolves, is passionate about conservation and preservation. It offers educational programs and guided tours in an effort to provide a deeper understanding and appreciation for wolf behavior, their role in the wild, and the challenges they face in the world.
Cascade d’Ars – This waterfall is one of the most beautiful and powerful in France. It drops approximately 246 meters in three stages. It can be found south of Aulus-les-Bains where the 8.2km round trip hike takes about 90-120 minutes. The hike is long and strenuous so it is not recommended for beginners. If you have teens who are up for the challenge this could be a fun family activity.
Parc de la Préhistoire – This unique park offers an opportunity for visitors to step back in time to experience what life might have been like 16,000 years ago. Through a series of films, reproductions, life-size replicas, and animation workshops, you will learn how to hunt, cut flint, and light a fire. (Plan to spend about 3-4 hours.)
Grotte de Niaux – This is one of the only caves in France, open to the public, where you can still see authentic prehistoric paintings. The cave is not lit or developed so it is not recommended for children under 6 or those with mobility issues. A guide will lead you, lit only by portable lamps, on an 800 meter walk through the gallery. (Plan to spend about 2 hours.)
Regional Cuisine
This region boasts a wonderful climate and great soil that provides excellent growing conditions for organic farming. Here, in France’s largest wine producing region, you’ll also find delicious cuisine. The region is known for producing fruit, particularly stone fruit, including plums and apricots. The fishing ports bring in plentiful fresh seafood, such as mussels, clams, oysters, and octopus. Also found in the region are sweet figs, olives, and black truffles. Here are some of the regional specialties you should sample when visiting.
Cassoulet – This dish, created in Castelnaudary, is a slow-cooked thick stew that traditionally contains meat, white beans, tomatoes, onions, and garlic. It is sealed with a crust made of bread crumbs and goose fat. Legend has it that the dish was first made during the Hundred Years War while the town was under siege by the English. The cook threw all of the available ingredients into the pot to create a meal that would energize and strengthen their soldiers. Since white beans didn’t come to Europe from the Americas until the 16th century (many years after the Hundred Years War), it’s more likely a dish created by peasants and perfected over time. (The version made in Toulouse uses duck confit and Toulouse sausages.)
Black Truffles – Dubbed “black diamonds,” the truffles found in the forests of Occitanie are a decadent treasure that command a high price from buyers all over the world. A little bit goes a long way to add musky, earthy flavors to dishes found in the region. Specially trained dogs are essential in truffle hunting as their keen sense of smell will lead them right to the underground treasures.
Saucisse de Toulouse – Toulouse sausages are made from premium quality pork (75% lean, 25% belly), white wine, salt, and pepper in a natural casing. The simple, yet delicious recipe can be traced back to Roman times. There are so many ways you’ll find it served. It could be fried and served with mashed potatoes and gravy, sliced into a pot of cassoulet, or used in a quiche for breakfast. You can even find it wrapped in a thin crêpe and topped with caramelized onions and mustard.
Ragoût d’Escoubilles – You will likely only find this specialty in small villages where the Occitan language is spoken (“escoubilles” literally means garbage in Occitan). Made up of the week’s leftovers, the dish likely will include carrots, mushrooms, green olives, potatoes, and various meats (veal, sausage, gizzards, etc.).
Tielle Sétoise – Originating in the port city of Sète, Tielle Sétoise is a savory octopus and tomato pie. While the pie itself comes from the Italian immigrants who made Sète their home, this particular version was created as a way to preserve the seafood. It is made with a top crust that has fluted edges and can be eaten either hot or cold. Since it can be eaten on the go, it became a favorite lunch for the fishermen to take along with them while they worked. You’ll find it at several of the market stalls during the annual water jousting festival and on the menu of several restaurants year round.
Daube à l'Avignonnaise – While Daube can be found throughout the region, it is generally made with cheaper cuts of beef and is left overnight to fuse with vegetables, red wine, and Herbes de Provence. Daube à l'Avignonnaise, the version made in the city of Avignon, is made with local lamb and white wine instead.
Roquefort Cheese – All of the Roquefort cheese in the entire world comes from the tiny village of Roquefort, located about an hour’s drive from both Montpellier and Sète. Today, there are only about 7 producers. This original blue cheese has been produced since the 11th century! It uses raw sheep's milk that is intentionally contaminated by the penicillium roqueforti fungus and left to mature in temperature controlled caves. It pairs beautifully with pears and apples.
Le Gâteau à la Broche – This is a truly unique treat and its name literally means “cake on a stick.” It is made by slowly pouring dough on a rotating spit over a fire. The resulting cake has a spiky texture and conical shape which looks a little like a doughy Christmas tree. Historically, it was cooked in the chimney and the spit was turned by hand. Versions of this cake can also be found in parts of Germany and Hungary but with different toppings and ingredients.
Wine & Spirits – While Bordeaux might be more famous, Occitanie is now the largest wine producing region in France. The rich soil and the winds are ideal for wine production. There are so many varieties to choose from - red, white, rosé, sweet, and sparkling wines are all represented! A few of the many choices found in the region include Languedoc, Faugères, Minervois, Corbières, Côtes de Gascogne, Pic-St-Loup, Cahors, and Côtes du Roussillon. You might choose a crisp white wine like Picpoul de Pinet to pair with seafood, or a full-bodied red like Côtes du Roussillon-Villages to enjoy with your Cassoulet.
Made in the Hérault and Pyréneés-Orientales are the sweet and sparkling wines like Muscat de Mireval, Muscat de Frontignan, Banyuls, and Maury. These sweet wines add alcohol to halt fermentation, resulting in wines that are both high in alcohol and naturally sweet. They are typically enjoyed as an apéritif (a beverage enjoyed before a meal to stimulate appetite). Blanquette de Limoux, Crémant de Limoux, and Blanquette Méthode Ancestrale each offer a delicious and delicate effervescence. The first Blanquette was made in 1531 by a Benedictine monk and became the first sparkling wine.
Armagnac, the oldest brandy in France, is also produced in the region. First produced in the 14th century, it is distilled from white wine, then aged for several years in oak barrels. The grape harvests in October usher in the distilling process. Each year in Gascony (the area that is now called Gers), the flame of Armagnac is celebrated from October through January. It is a traveling celebration involving a portable still that travels across the vineyards to distill the wine. People come from all over to participate in music and celebration as they walk through the vineyards and sample the brandy around the working still.
Also produced in Gascony is a refreshing, fortified floral apéritif known as Floc de Gascogne. (“Floc” means “bouquet of flowers” in the Occitan language.) It is produced by blending two-thirds partially fermented grape juice with one-third Armagnac. The addition of the spirit raises the alcohol strength to a level which kills the yeast, leaving sweet unfermented grape sugars. It must be matured for at least nine months, usually in oak barrels.
From the delicious seafood in the port towns to the hearty stews served in the small villages, there is much to tempt your tastebuds in the Occitanie region. It’s easy to see why the precious recipes and techniques that represent culture and heritage have been lovingly handed down over decades and even centuries. We thoroughly enjoyed the food and wine in this region.
We greatly enjoyed exploring the Occitanie Region! We learned so much history and were awestruck at some of the iconic sites that we’d only ever seen in pictures. From pretending to protect the medieval fortress of Carcassonne, to staging a bullfight at Nîmes Arena, our girls enjoyed stepping back into history and imagining themselves among the Cathars, Greeks, Italians, and Romans who once dominated the region. There is no better way to learn than to visit these historical sites and museums and immerse yourself in the food and culture. We loved this area of the country and made so many wonderful memories. Have you been to Occitanie? We’d love to know if we’ve captured your favorite place. Let us know in the comments below!
