Family-Friendly Adventures in the Elan Valley
Family Hiking, History, & Outdoor Fun in Wales
“One sees great things from the valley; only small things from the peak.”
A wide view of one of the Carved Trees of the Elan Valley, surrounded by colorful foliage. This particular tree features ravens & can be found, along with the other Carved Trees, near the Pen y Garreg Dam, Bridge, & Car Park.
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Nestled in the heart of Wales, the Elan Valley is a place where nature, history, and adventure come together to create one of the country's most stunning, yet often overlooked, landscapes. Known for its dramatic reservoirs, rolling hills, and rugged beauty, the Elan Valley offers families a chance to connect with the great outdoors, experience history, and enjoy a range of activities that are perfect for all ages.
Whether you're an outdoor enthusiast or simply looking to escape the hustle and bustle of everyday life, the Elan Valley is sure to captivate your family's heart.
A Step Back in Time: The History of the Elan Valley
The Elan Valley is more than just a scenic landscape—it's also steeped in history. The valley’s iconic reservoirs were constructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to supply fresh water to the growing industrial city of Birmingham. The dams, and their reservoirs were designed and built by the Birmingham Corporation Water Department, transforming the landscape and making it one of the most important engineering feats of its time.
The undertaking was not without controversy, however. The project involved the construction of 4 dams, created by the damming of the Claerwen and Elan Rivers, the building of an 126km long aqueduct, and the flooding of an inhabited valley. In all, more than 100 people were evicted from their homes. Buildings, including homes, a school, farms, a church, and two mansions were demolished. While the landowners of the two large estates were compensated, the tenants who lost their homes and livelihoods were not.
The work was to be completed in 2 phases. Phase 1 was completed in 1904. It involved the completion of the railway that would bring supplies as well as the construction of the 4 dams on the Elan River, the aqueduct, and the foundation for the Dol y Mynach Dam. On July 21st, 1904 King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra opened the Elan dams and water started flowing along 118km of pipeline to Birmingham.
Phase 2 was to consist of 3 dams on the River Claerwen and would commence when capacity of water needed to be increased as the city of Birmingham grew. The original start date of the second phase was delayed due to the outbreak of World War I. Once the war was over, other projects took priority since the dam system was working well and continuing to meet the needs of fresh, clean water supply in Birmingham.
By the time the drought of 1937 stretched the system to its capacity, World War II was underway and construction was, again, pushed aside. Work on Phase 2 began in 1946 and, thanks to advances in technology and design, was able to be completed with the construction of just 1 of the 3 planned dams on the River Claerwen.
Construction of Claerwen Dam was completed in 1952 and the young Queen Elizabeth II attended the ceremonial opening as one of the first official acts of her reign. Although this new dam was built in concrete, a stone façade was ordered (at significant extra expense) to make it appear consistent with the design of the older dams. The reservoir resulting from this dam holds almost as much water as the original 4 dams combined!
Click on photo to enlarge and see descriptions.
Exploring the Elan Valley
While the history is fascinating, stepping into the Elan Valley today reveals a landscape shaped by both nature and engineering. The valley is home to a series of majestic reservoirs, lush woodlands, and winding rivers, all of which provide the perfect backdrop for family adventures. Whether you’re keen on hiking, cycling, or simply enjoying a leisurely stroll, the Elan Valley offers something for everyone.
The Elan Valley Dams & Reservoirs
Visitors travel from all over the UK to enjoy the dams and reservoirs of the Elan Valley. Stunning bodies of water are surrounded by rolling hills and the dramatic dams that make for fantastic family photo opportunities. A walk or bike ride around the reservoirs is a great way for families to take in the breathtaking views and learn about the area's history.
The reservoirs are also home to a wide variety of wildlife, including birds, otters, and a number of plant species, making it a great spot for nature lovers. In fact, over 80% of the Elan Valley is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for its rich biodiversity, so keep your eyes peeled for the many creatures that call this valley home.
Dam Family Tip: Turn history into a fun scavenger hunt by having your kids look for unique architectural details (like domed valve towers and distinctive arches) while you recount the fascinating stories behind each structure.
Craig Goch Dam – Often referred to as the “top dam, Craig Goch lies 1,040 feet above sea level. Because it is the highest upstream dam it is also the furthest point of the railway line that had to be built to bring supplies to the builders. The area now known as Devil’s Gulch is a result of the need to blast through massive rock formations to lay the tracks for the railway line to the building site.
Many consider this to be the most stunning of the dams thanks, in part, to its impressive retaining wall that resulted from the need for such extensive excavations. It also features a distinctive series of arches that support a narrow road across the top of the dam where a domed valve tower can also be found.
Garreg Ddu Dam – This low, completely submerged dam plays an important role in supplying water to Birmingham. In addition to its water supply purpose, the dam includes pillars that support a roadway providing access to the valley of the River Claerwen. The original road to the valley was lost, along with many original buildings, when two of the valleys were flooded to support the water supply to Birmingham.
Pen y Garreg Dam – This is often referred to as the middle dam, it’s also the smallest. When full, it holds just over two week’s worth of water. One unusual feature is that the dam itself is not visible during normal conditions. Instead, only the domed valve tower built in the Birmingham Baroque style can be seen. It is possible to enter this dam which is open to the public when conditions allow. You can even book a civil wedding inside the tower. We explored the nearby area and were able to enjoy a series of beautiful carvings created in felled tree stumps—a project that was undertaken to make the most of an area of trees that had to be felled due to disease.
Caban Coch Dam – The lowest of the dams of the Elan Valley. Caban Coch is the simplest in both appearance and function. It resembles a natural waterfall when the reservoir is full and water pours over the dam wall. This dam contributes to Birmingham’s water supply when water levels are normal but also ensures adequate flow for the Elan Valley and the River Wye downstream.
Visitors will find twin stone buildings, one on each side of the river just below the dam wall. These house the electricity generating turbines, valves, and sluices that adjust the amount of water that is released downstream.
Claerwen Dam – There were to be three dams constructed in the 2nd phase of the enormous Elan Valley dam project. Unexpected delays, along with technological advancements gained in the passage of over 5 decades, changed the scope of the 2nd phase. Only one structure, Claerwen Dam, was necessary by the time construction began. When Queen Elizabeth II opened the dam in 1952, the project which had begun 60 years earlier at the direction of her grandmother Queen Victoria, was finally complete.
Outdoor Activities with Kids in the Elan Valley
For families that love nature and outdoor activities, the Elan Valley is a true playground of opportunities, offering experiences that cater to every level of adventure.
Cycling – As one of the valley's most beloved activities, there is an impressive network of scenic bike routes weaving through its breathtaking landscapes. Whether you're a seasoned cyclist or just looking for a relaxed ride with the kids, the trails offer something for everyone, from flat, beginner-friendly paths to more challenging routes for those seeking a little adrenaline.
Don’t have bikes with you? No problem! The Elan Valley Visitor Centre has rental bikes available, making it easy for visitors to hit the trails without the hassle of bringing their own equipment.
Picnicking – If you’re more inclined toward a slower pace, the valley has countless beautiful picnic spots that are perfect for families looking to soak in the scenery. Spread out a blanket by the tranquil reservoirs or find a shady spot beneath the trees and enjoy a peaceful lunch surrounded by nature’s beauty.
While the kids run around and explore the area, parents can take a moment to appreciate the serenity of the valley, where the only sounds you’ll hear are the rustle of leaves, the ripple of water, and the occasional chirp of a bird. Many picnic areas are conveniently located near the trails and the reservoirs, so you can easily combine your meal with a walk or bike ride.
Fishing – Fishing enthusiasts will find the Elan Valley to be a haven for angling adventures with the fishing season running from March to October. The reservoirs are teeming with pike, grayling, and brown trout, providing plenty of opportunities to cast a line. However, it’s essential to come prepared. Anyone aged 12 or older needs a rod license, which can be obtained online or at local Post Offices. This license is required before you can secure a fishing permit, so be sure to plan ahead.
For more information on permits, licenses, and where fishing is allowed, click here. With your license and permit in hand, you can explore the designated fishing areas throughout the valley. It’s the perfect way to spend a quiet day by the water, or introduce your kids to the joys of fishing for the first time.
Family-Friendly Hikes in Wales, UK
One of the best ways to enjoy the Elan Valley is to traverse one of the many trails that stretch throughout it. Ranging in difficulty from flat and easy to long, steep, and challenging, there are options for every age and fitness level. Cell phone reception is limited, so be sure to bring your maps (many can be found at the Visitor Centre). Come prepared with snacks, water, proper footwear, and waterproof clothing (this is Wales, after all and rain is almost always imminent). Here are a few of the trails and walkways:
Cnwch Wood – Stretching a distance of 1 mile, this is the perfect outing for families with young kids. It is fully paved, making it suitable for strollers and wheelchairs. It can be accessed from the Elan Valley Visitor Centre and can be completed in a gentle 30 minutes.
Elan Valley Trail – One of the most popular trails in the area is the Elan Valley Trail. The 9 mile path begins on the west side of Rhayader and follows the path of the old railway to end at Craig Goch Dam. Despite its length, this paved path is accessible to people of all abilities making it a wonderful choice for family members in a stroller or a wheelchair. A family bike ride is a fine way to enjoy this trail through some of the most scenic areas of the valley. You could even experience it on horseback, stopping for a picnic along your journey.
Nant y Gro – This moderate trail that begins at the Visitor Centre requires hikers to climb 40 meters up steps. Though only 3.5 miles long, most hikers take about 2 hours to complete it. Along the way, you’ll have beautiful views of Caban Coch Reservoir.
Penbont Woods South & Penbont Woods North – Beginning at the Penbont Car Park, both of these moderate hikes span 0.6 miles and take about 30 minutes to complete. We spent some time enjoying this area and the sheep grazing near the stream below the Pen y Garreg Dam.
Maen Serth & Crugyn Ci – At 9.5 miles, this is one of the more strenuous hiking trails in the Elan Valley. Beginning at Penbont Car Park, hikers will cross two streams and manage four climbs over an estimated 4 hours to conquer this challenge.
Drygarn Fawr – This strenuous hike covers a distance of 9.5 miles and is not for beginners. Beginning at Llannerch y Cawr Car Park, hikers will have two significant climbs and encounter rough, wet ground. Under the best conditions, hikers can expect the excursion to take 5 hours. While some older teens might be up for the challenge, this trail is not recommended for children.
Please note that winter hikes can be significantly more difficult and may require additional equipment. If you’re unsure, talk to one of the employees at the visitor center before tackling a strenuous hike.
Family Wildlife Viewing Opportunities
We set off for the Elan Valley from our home base in nearby Rhayader and took our time driving near the dams and across the vast landscape. With large numbers of sheep roaming the valley, we had to keep a sharp eye out for them around every turn as they like to walk right up to the road and often cross it. Birds of prey like Red Kites and buzzards are often sighted in the valley as well. Here are some of the animals you might encounter in the Elan Valley.
Family Tip: Have your kids count the number of sheep they see on your day trip. You may be surprised how high the kids will need to count! (If they’re fans of Sesame Street, challenge them a bit more by having them count in the style of Count Dracula.)
Mammals – More than 20 species of mammal can be found in the Claerwen and Elan Valleys. While many of them are nocturnal and rarely seen, there are still quite a few that you’re likely to spot while spending time exploring. Grey squirrels are abundant and deer are sometimes spotted including the Red, Roe, and Muntjac species.
Foxes are widely seen and the vixen can be heard making their screaming sounds in the fall. In addition badgers, rabbits, voles, mice, otters, polecats, pine marten, mink, stoats, and weasels are all found in the valleys. In addition to all these land mammals, explorers can look up to find flying mammals as well. There are at least 9 species of bats known to make their home in the Elan Valley.
Amphibians and Reptiles – When spending time near the water, visitors are likely to encounter some of the resident amphibians and reptiles of the Elan Valley. Amphibians commonly seen include the common frog, the common toad, and a couple different species of newt. Only two reptile species are found in the valley. They include the common lizard and slow worm—which is neither a worm nor a snake! Rather, it is a legless lizard that is often spotted in Penbont Garden, though they tend to hibernate from October to March.
Moths – Though plentiful in the Elan Valley, the population of these winged creatures has declined significantly since 1968. As moths and caterpillars are an important food source for other species in the valley, much research is being undertaken to better understand their impact on the environment and what efforts can be taken to increase their numbers. You’ll find species of various sizes, ranging from dull brown to brightly colored. A good place to spot the Six Spot Burnet is on the trail section that connects Caban Dam and Garreg Ddu Dam. The Cinnabar moth can also be found in the area. Their caterpillars are bright black and yellow striped, making them easy for children to find and observe.
Birds – The Elan Valley is home to many species of birds and provides a haven for migrant birds that pass through the valley in the spring and summer. From the Curlew of the uplands and meadows to the Short-eared Owls that arrive for the winter, the Elan Valley is a wonderful place for bird watchers. Several species of ducks can be found in the reservoirs including Teal, Mallard, and Mandarin. Woodland birds, owls, and birds of prey are all drawn to the valley as well to nest and hunt.
What Makes the Elan Valley So Wondrous?
The magic of the Elan Valley lies in its perfect blend of natural beauty and man-made engineering. The towering dams, which were once feats of modern engineering, now blend seamlessly with the tranquil landscape, offering visitors the rare experience of witnessing nature and human ingenuity coming together in harmony. The area’s relatively untouched nature means that it remains peaceful, with fewer crowds than other more popular tourist destinations in Wales.
The ever-changing landscapes of the Elan Valley make it an ideal setting for family photo sessions and stargazing adventures:
Photography Opportunities – Capture sunrise and sunset over the dramatic dams or the autumnal burst of colors in the woodlands. The scenic vistas around the Craig Goch Dam are particularly photogenic.
International Dark Sky Park – The Elan Valley is a great place for stargazing. Designated as an International Dark Sky Park, it offers incredibly clear skies at night. With minimal light pollution, the valley offers families a chance to gaze at the stars, planets, and even the Milky Way.
Family Activity – Consider organizing a nighttime stargazing session—bring a telescope or simply lay out a blanket and marvel at the celestial display.
Practical Family Tips for Visiting the Elan Valley
Planning a family adventure to the Elan Valley? You’re in for a treat! With its breathtaking landscapes, fascinating history, and endless opportunities for outdoor fun, the Elan Valley is a destination that’s as enriching as it is beautiful. To make the most of your visit and ensure your trip is smooth and enjoyable, we’ve compiled some practical family-friendly tips that will help you explore this stunning gem with confidence.
Be Prepared for Weather – The Elan Valley is beautiful year-round, but rain is a frequent occurrence in Wales. In the winter time, the weather can be especially unpredictable. Be sure to check the forecast before your trip and pack accordingly—layers, sturdy waterproof shoes, and rain gear are always a good idea.
Make Time for the Visitor Centre – The Elan Valley Visitor Centre is a great place to start your visit. With exhibits about the history of the area, interactive displays for children, and a café serving local treats, it’s a great place to get your bearings and learn more about what makes the valley so special.
Take Advantage of Family-Friendly Accommodations – The Elan Valley offers a range of accommodation options, from cozy cottages and hotels located in nearby Rhayader to campsites and even glamping locations. There’s something to suit every family’s needs, whether you prefer to camp under the stars or stay in a charming stone cottage. We highly recommend a camping or glamping experience that will allow you to enjoy the peaceful setting and beautiful stars.
Engage in Seasonal Activities – Depending on the time of year you visit, you may be able to join in on seasonal events like guided walks, fall pumpkin carving, wildlife watching, and even special stargazing events. Keep an eye on the Elan Valley website or Visitor Centre (linked above) for up-to-date event schedules.
Leave it Better Than You Found it – We tend to use this phrase a lot in our travels. We take pride in leaving our Airbnbs, parks, and museums better than we found them. This means, cleaning up after ourselves and removing any other litter we find in our path. The Elan Valley is a beautiful place to visit. With over 400,000 visitors a year, it’s important for everyone to do their part. Please be sure to carry your trash out with you rather than leaving it behind to do harm to this precious environment and its wildlife.
Make Family Memories in the Elan Valley
From its awe-inspiring dams and reservoirs to its tranquil woodlands and star-filled skies, the Elan Valley is a place where families can come together to experience the beauty of nature, the thrill of adventure, and the wonders of history. With so much to explore and enjoy, it’s a destination that promises to create memories that will last a lifetime! So pack up your walking boots, bring your sense of adventure, and head to the Elan Valley for a family experience like no other.
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